Black dots on a child’s scalp, along with a spreading patch or hair breakage, may be a sign of scalp ringworm, also called tinea capitis. This common fungal infection affects the scalp and hair shafts, often causing broken hairs, scaly patches, itching, and sometimes swelling or tenderness. Because the infection goes deeper into the hair roots, topical creams are usually not enough. Oral antifungal medication is often needed, so early dermatologist consultation is important. An antifungal shampoo may also be recommended to reduce fungal shedding and lower the chance of spread. Since scalp ringworm is contagious, children should avoid sharing combs, towels, pillows, caps, or hair accessories. Family members should also be checked for symptoms, and pets may need evaluation because they can sometimes carry the fungus. Timely treatment helps prevent spreading, reinfection, and possible long-term hair loss.